PROGRAMMING AND COMPILER

The topic aimed to give the class different concepts which associates with programming. Programming is the widen topic which associates with different languages which are used to write different programs. In the presentation, there are several terminologies, which were used. Compiler is the program that converts from some source code to machine language. Software is the collection of set of programs to accomplish a certain goal. Programming language is the artificial language used to write a sequence of instructions that can be run in the computer. Machine language is representation of a program, which actually read and interpreted by the computer. Decompiler is the program that translates from a low-level language to the higher-level one.
The computer programming languages are divided into five types, which are-
Machine language that is directly understood by machine languages, the lowest level of programming languages (0s&1s). The second is the assembly language, which need a translator or converter to be understood by the machine. Thirdly is the Higher level language resembles some how to human language can be used in more than one kind of machine, the language is interactive user and computer communicate with each other directly during the writing and running program these language are like PASCAL, C/C++, COBOL, FOTRAN, PYTHON, JAVA etc. Fourth is the Very higher-level language allow users to specify the desired results without having to specify detailed procedures needed for achieving the results is like MYSQL, ORACLE, VISUL BASIC etc. Fifth is the Natural language programming language(NLP) the development steps are being developed make human more interactive to computer programming.
Selection of language greatly depends upon the nature of activity and availability of the simplest language to solve the preferred task or problems. There is no best language might depend on many things, which may be type of program, reason the program is built, size of program, programmer familiarity, ease of program verification etc. For stance VISUAL BASIC(1990s) for development of Microsoft Window application(writing interface), COBOL(1950s) for commercial application and data manipulation, FORTRAN(FORmular TRANslator-1950s) for doing complex mathematics for scientific engineering application, C/C++ for writing and developing operating systems and JAVA (1995) used for world wide web application and development.
The importance of computer programming languages.
Important for students in all disciplines of computer science
To improve your ability to develop effective algorithms
To increase your vocabulary of useful programming constructs
To make it easier to learn a new language
To make it easier to design a new language
Soft ware development, Interface writing etc
The challenges of programming languages are as follows-
Currently the programming languages are challenging on learning.
New languages are being invented
Need for skilled programmer
Difficult in debugging
Programming and Compiler this is a excellent field research to be aware of because it assist the user to recognize numerous things applying on the device.



References
o Principles of Programming Languages, Bruce J. McLennan
o Programming Languages Concepts and Constructs, Ravi Sethi
o Programming Languages Concepts, Carlo Ghezzi, Mehdi Jazayeri