FINGERPRINT RECOGNITION

Fingerprints aims equipping the listeners with the knowledge of identifying a person by impression left somewhere rather than physical appearance, voices and other sensory data. Biometrics is the unique recognizing human based upon one or more intrinsic physical or behavior traits including face, iris retina scanning, voice identification and others. The fingerprint is one of the most convenient and foolproof.
Fingerprint recognition refers to the automated method of verifying two or more human fingerprints so, fingerprint is the impression left upon any surface with which the finger comes in contact under pressure. The use of fingerprints goes as far as 1880 when Dr. Henry Faulds published the first scientific account on the use of fingerprints as the means of identification and later in 1960s, Galton pointed out how to develop an automatic fingerprint technology. In 1969, FBI developed a system to automate its fingerprint identification process and the automation of fingerprints continues to improve until present time.
The fingerprints are used in the fact that the fingerprints are very unique to every individual no two people could have identical fingerprints. Not only that but also the fingerprint pattern of any one remains unchanged for life. Moreover, the limited variety in patterns allows systematic classification of an individuals fingerprints.
The finger pattern is classified as first whorls by where the pattern starts in the middle and keeps getting bigger. Secondly are arches their shape starts on one side and ends on the other side like a hill, Thirdly is the loops starts on one side and goes around to end on the same side.
The advantages of fingerprints is as follows-
Minimizes the chance for fraud as every individual person has unique fingerprints.
Can be applied to modern computers, cars, automatic doors.
The fingerprints in any situation cannot be lost
Naturally the fingerprints can not be changed
The reliability and stability is higher compared to the iris, voice and face recognition method.
The equipment the identifying the fingerprints are relatively low- priced compared to others.
Disadvantages of fingerprints are as follows-
Some of the criminals burn their fingers with acids
Time taken in order to take the fingermarks and identifying them is too much
Sometimes the new technology got some error, don’t trust new technology.
The challenges delimites the exact use of the system, the challenges which is faced by the fingerprint technology are-
Fingerprints stored by the database can be easly determined by hackers.
The process of storing fingerprints weakens security.
Due to technical problem some sensors do not read fingerprint images properly.
In some cases the cruel criminals do destroy their fingers

The fingerprints is important to use in identifying the uniqueness of someone more effectively more than DNA analysis because it fail to give the distinguishing between the identical twins but with fingerprints two identical twins are identified.



Reference:
Davide Maltoni, Anil K. Jain, Dario Maio, Salil Prabhakar,(2002), Handbook of fingerprint recognition, springer.

Henry, Edward R., Sir (1900) Classification and Uses of Finger Prints London: George Rutledge & Sons, Ltd